When we explain speed,
velocity, acceleration or momentum we are
talking of displacement of an object from one
location to another in certain time interval.
This is the fundamental base for all laws of
physics, which is the mother of all scientific
theories.
To explain the change of
position for any object, we need to have an
another object so that it acts like a reference
point to measure the displacement of moving
object. If a person is walking in the
compartment of a moving train, we can measure
his speed with respect to the persons sitting in
the train and also with respect to the buildings
outside the train. Both the speeds will be
different. Also, the same object will have
unlimited no of speeds with respect to all the
planets of our universe.
So, if we imagine that only
a single object is present in our universe and
there is not a single grain of any other
particle with which we can compare its motion,
the object can be considered either moving or
stationary. Most probably, by our present
established scientific laws, we can justify it
to be stable with respect to its own position.
Next, if we consider two
objects, exactly similar to each other present
in the space and maintaining a fix distance from
each other. The objects can be considered to be
rotating around an imaginary point located
exactly at the center of their distance from
each other. If we know the mass of the objects,
we can calculate their rate of spin by using
gravitational constant. But, the objects can
also be considered to be moving parallel to each
other in the same direction with the velocity of
light. As explained earlier, the push rays
suggest that an object if moving with the speed
of light, will defy interference by another
object.
Now, the displacement of
any object can’t be explained purely on the
basis of change of distance with respect to some
another object. It should also associate it with
the time interval during which displacement
occurs. Time is a system of measurement that we
have devised to assign a value related to period
of any happening. It is manly used to measure
the length of time period between two
happenings, and also the time of any happening.
The following are simple examples where time is
an important factor to explain an event.
1. It is raining for the last two hours.
2. It was raining for two hours.
3. It is raining
S.No. 1 and 3 are related
to same event and S.No 2 is mentioning a past
event. So an event can be a past event or a
combination of past and present event, which
explains the present real state of the event.
The time period of present, which is a live
period for any event to change its state, is so
small that our great scientists never thought to
explain it. The time period of present can’t be
zero else our complete universe would have been
like a huge sculpture without any motion of even
its fundamental particles.
The present time period is
a period during which the smallest fundamental
particle when moving with maximum possible
speed, very close to velocity of light, covers a
distance equivalent to its diameter. To make the
universe moving, the smallest particle of the
universe must take its new position and should
be in position to change to next new position
for the coming future time.
The present time can be
actually termed as live time for formulation of
any action (LTFA). The live time of the universe
will prevail exactly at the same moment for each
location of the universe. All action or
reactions should begin and end within the living
time. The living time frame is moving towards
future while sweeping and holding the complete
universe for a minimum time equivalent to (LTFA).
The universe is alive, or
existing, only for a period of living time
period and all its past activities till the live
time period are only a history, but that too
exist in some memory patterns in the successive
living time intervals. Nothing is there before
or after LTFA. So, for a smallest particle,
moving form A to C (past present to future), it will be available to act
or communicate with another particle during its
position at B (present) only if the second particle is
also close enough to reach it during the present time
interval.
How exactly we can draw the boundaries between
past, present and future is not so simple since any minute present time
dimension can be further sliced to still smaller segments of past, present and
future. That is, any present hour of time is a representation of present
minute along with 59 minutes from past and future. And similar is the case
with a minute or a second and so on. In a broader sense, we don't have any
present that can be represented by certain time period. It seems to be non
existent. If it appears to be non-existent, where do we stand? Do we live in
past, as the future is just a guess?
No, the present do exist, but
its time interval is too small
that we have not yet imagined.
My opinion for the present time
is as under:
Present Time
Interval = Diameter of the
smallest particle/velocity of
light
The value of
speed of light is 299,792,458
metres per second.
The
diameter of proton is
0.00000000000002 meters. Or, 2 x
10^-14.
The diameter
of the smallest push particle is
likely to be many times smaller
than the diameter of the proton.
So, the time
period of any physical action or
chemical reaction that actually
takes place in its complete form is too small to get
recorded.
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We have tried to create
scientific knowledge on the basis of real
observations that can be recorded by some
instruments. The unit of measurements came into
existence after our comprehension of observed
activities. If our ancestors have not observed
the reality in a true form, some of our
scientific laws are proving to be hindrance to
explore further realities.
When the great Newton was
watching the apple falling, he could only
comprehend the movement of apple with respect to
earth. And, in a simple language, that was most
appropriate to understand at that time. It was
established that every object of the universe is
attracting each other with some force. This
concept gave the birth to gravitational laws.
But, now when we are observing our universe to
be expanding instead of shrinking even when
there is attraction all over the universe, some
of us are trying to find some better
explanation. We have not yet discovered the
basic mechanism of gravitational attraction. Why
we could not explain the basic reason of these
simple phenomena when we could make some
exceptionally complicated products? It is
because there may not be any attraction making
mechanism within any object. When the Newton was
watching the falling apple, he ignored the
presence of complete universe. If the apple was
moving towards earth it was also moving away
from lot of planets of the universe.
In our general observation,
when we are observing any event, we are in fact
observing the series of past events that
happened within successive living time frames
but in such a unique way that all the past
events are fused to one form of event to make
the complete scene alive for LTFA.
The brain is only storing the present data by
replacing the space of past data, but at the
same time present and past are mixed to create a
third type of data as we can be conscious to
only one frame of events during LTFA.
Now when we explain
momentum we say that an object in motion is said
to have momentum. This momentum is a vector. It
has a size and a direction. The size of the
momentum is equal to the mass of the object
multiplied by the object's velocity. The
direction of the momentum is the same as the
direction of the object's velocity.
The momentum is an energy
that can be converted to other form of energies.
The law of conservation of energy says that
energy is neither created nor destroyed. In
fact, this is the only clear and correct law
that we have discovered. When we use energy, it
doesn’t disappear. We change it from one form of
energy into another.
Energy is found in
different forms, such as light, heat, sound and
motion. There are many forms of energy, but they
can all be put into two categories: kinetic and
potential.
Kinetic energy is
motion––of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules,
substances, and objects.
Potential energy is stored
energy and the energy of position––gravitational
energy. There are several forms of potential
energy.
In all conversion of
energies except gravitational or potential
energy, there is a change of position of
fundamental particles of an object.
Electrical Energy is the
movement of electrical charges. Everything is
made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are
made of even smaller particles called electrons,
protons, and neutrons. Applying a force can make
some of the electrons move. Electrical charges
moving through a wire is called electricity.
But the Gravitational
Energy is the energy of position or place. A
rock resting at the top of a hill contains
gravitational potential energy. Hydropower, such
as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an
example of gravitational potential energy. Here,
the fundamental structure of the rock or water
is supposed to remain same as they are only
acting like carrier of gravitational energy in
the form of momentum.
Now just consider that the
universe is having only two objects A and B and
not a grain of any third particle. Let the
object A be of 10000 grams and the object B of 1
gram. If the distance between the two objects is
reducing, we can imagine that either object A is
moving towards B or the object B is moving
towards A. Next possibility is that both may be
moving towards each other.
Now consider that object B
is lying fixed to some imaginary wall in the
space and object A is going to strike it with a
velocity of 100 Km per sec.
Similarly, consider object A is lying fixed and
object B is going to strike it with the same
velocity of 100 Km per sec.
As per our present
scientific laws, the object B will have greater
force of impact on it when it is being hit by A
rather than when it hits object B with the same
velocity. But, in the absence of any third
object in the universe, our present scientific
laws are not sufficient to measure the energy
due to momentum of a moving object. In this
particular example, although their movement can
be recorded to be exactly same, yet they will
behave differently during a collision with each
other if we think in two different ways.
We have to find out a
system that can give mathematical definition of
energy due to momentum of a moving object
independent of any other object around it. We
need to explain momentum with respect to living
time frame of the universe.
If an object is in motion,
its stored energy due to momentum is not
dependent on the total distance traveled by it
in certain time interval but on the magnitude of
its displacement within a time period of live
time interval of present time. More preciously,
we can consider that the momentum of an object
is total resultant effect of sum of momentum
energy by all the smallest particles of the
object. But, we know that the smallest known
particles of the object can’t move exactly with
the same velocity of the object as they are not
stable to their adjoining particles. During the
live time period, which is the real time for a
live activity, the majority of fundamental
particles may not be moving in the same
direction in which the object is moving.
During change of motion of
an object, the force of momentum will also try
to displace the spiral rotation of fundamental
particles of the object. It may not change the
molecular structure but can easily displace
their respective positions from each other. That
is, the energy due to momentum is likely to be
preserved or utilized in the object for shifting
fundamental particles to some new positions.
By our day to day
experiences, we have observed that we have to
use some energy to give some momentum to an
object even if it is lying in a vacant space.
For example, we will have to apply lesser force
to move a boat in water than to a boat placed on
rough surface. In no case we can move the boat
without applying any force even if it is hanging
in the universe as the only object.
The sticking of a gyroscope
to a vacant space, and need to apply some force
to move an object in the space, suggest that the
space is filled with someting. The
unknown particles in the space can help
gyroscope to retain its position and can also
give some resistance to an object during change
of position. The resistance is only observed
during change as the fundamental particles of
the object attain new positions to minimize the
resistance. The situation may be similar to the
following very common gadget:
