PREFACE

Since the dawn of civilization the human minds have been baffled on the functioning of the universe. Time and again, theories were proposed by scientists, which were tested against the available observations and accepted till new findings came to light. Each discarded theory was definitely a stepping stone for the next accepted one. Human minds always tend to search the hidden treasure of unknown facts the nature hold. In this paper I have tried to explain the exact system and mechanism of so called gravitational attraction in a more logical way.

The great scientist Newton made us believe that every particle of our universe is attracting each other. His laws are based on his real observation of falling apple to the ground. Since every one of us too can feel the attraction by earth, his laws were readily accepted by every school and the scientists dealing with satellites.

 
Is it so simple ?
 

Consider if there had been no gravitational attraction in the space and we have to create a real working model of Earth and Moon which is circling earth. What will be the thickness of steal wire that will be required to tie the moon with earth, while it is rotating around the earth, to counter the centrifugal force, arising from its inertia, which will act on it while it is moving in a circular path?  But in reality, what mechanism is going on in these two objects which is acting similar to steal wire? Do that mechanism must exist in these two objects? Or, can't some mechanism from elsewhere in the universe can also produce the same effect?

If a ball is kept floating in a tub of water in a closed room, the ball generally settles to some undisturbed position for any length of time. Does that mean all heavenly bodies located in the area parallel to the water surface are always pulling the ball uniformly from all directions due to gravitational attractio?. Same floating condition can be observed for any location all around the earth. Does that mean the earth is always in the centre of the universe?  Or, the earth is spinning around its axis, revolving around the Sun and moving along with its galaxy, to attain a best undisturbed position where all forces from all over the universe are neutralizing each other . 

I differ with Newton on the very basic point of his laws and believe that there is absolutely no attraction any where in the universe. The reason for movement of two objects towards each other can also be due to push they are getting from some other source. Based on this assumption, new gravitational formula is developed. The hypothesis supporting the new formula explains most of the observed motions of the matter in more scientific way. For example, it can be explained in very simple way that two objects will loose their visible attraction if they are made to move parallel to each other with the velocity of light.  All the articles contained in this booklet are based on this hypothesis.

The specific points I would like to explain through this booklet are:

1)      There is absolutely no attraction anywhere in the universe.

2)      Energy and matter is same.

3)      The smallest particle is not having any mass or density.

4)      Our space is not vacant.

Past experience shows that people were reluctant to adopt any theory easily in the initial stage but after getting more supportive evidence with the passage of time the new theories get accepted from the larger scientific community. Therefore, there is no doubt that the people will accept my views too at an early stage as the issue is similar to the one in which people used to believe that our earth is flat and not a spherical object.
1. GRAVITATION

Gravitational attraction plays an important role in explaining certain astronomical phenomena. It can be measured precisely, its affects can be predicted and explained, but its ultimate cause is probably as mysterious to us as it was to Newton. Gravitational attraction seems to function instantaneously over immense distances and is unaffected by the presence or absence of barriers between the objects.

Newton has provided us the law of gravitational attraction and Einstein has also developed a competing hypothesis that explains the phenomenon of gravitational attraction in another way; but the two give identical results except when extremely large masses and very great velocities are involved. However, Newton's law of universal gravitation continues to explain most of the every day phenomena with which we are familiar.

Still a few questions remained unanswered as

  - how a smallest particle of the matter is able to send the gravitational waves in every corner of the universe, and from where it is getting so much energy for this tremendous work?
     
  - how a tinny particle can create such a strong wave which travels immense distances unaffected by the presence big stars as barriers?
     
  - how a gravitational wave when strikes an object on its way makes it to move in the direction from where the wave is coming?
     
  - The inward pulling tendency of gravity should make the universe shrink or at the most static. But it is not so as the experimental discovery of the expansion of the universe has made some fifty years ago.

According to the Newton's law of gravitation objects attract each other with a force which varies directly as the product of the masses of the two objects and inversely as the square of the distances between them. The total gravitational attraction between the sun and the earth exceeds that between moon and earth by about 175 times. However, tides are caused by a difference in gravitational attraction on the near and far sides of a body, not by the total pull on it. Quantitatively, the tide producing force varies inversely as the cube of the distance.

 
 
      
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